While I have reviewed KaVir's post and found it to be accurate, I still always feel it better to refer to an official source than another third party's interpretation of the official source. Below is an explanation of copyright basics, from the U.S. Library of Congress, copyright division.
Below is the homepage for the US Copyright Office.
These two links should give you a good basic understanding of copyright law. Should you have any further questions, feel free to reply.
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